Beam Behaviour and Magnetic Field of K500 Scc

Beam Behaviour and Magnetic Field of K500 Scc Vinay Singh#, A Dutta, A Agarwal, C Das, B Naik, Z A Naser, S Paul, U Bhunia, J Pradhan, J Debnath Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064 Abstract The extraction of the beam from the K500 Superconducting Cyclotron in Kolkata is posing a great challenge. After getting the internal beam, lots of effort was made to extract the beam and thereafter various experiments were designed and done to know the beam behaviour and to investigate the real reason. The deflector electrode was used in the Faraday cup mode. The deflector probe, bore scope probe and the main probe were used to investigate the beam behaviour by varying the first harmonic amplitude and phase with the help of trim-coil no.13 operated in harmonic mode. Finally magnetic field mapping was done. In this paper, all these experimental results are described in detail. INTRODUCTION K500 SCC got its first internal beam till the extraction radius in Aug 2009 [1]. This was confirmed by presence of neutrons in the neutron detector. The main probe and zinc sulphide screen (bore scope) were the only diagnostics available then. After installing the deflector, numerous runs were tried but the beam couldn’t be guided through it. A series of experiments were designed to get into the bottom of the problem. It was then found that the magnetic field was the main reason behind this. This was further confirmed by magnetic field mapping . In this paper the steps leading to this conclusion are described in detail. The electrostatic deflector Deflector as a beam diagnostic element In K500 SCC there are two sets of deflector E1 and E2. The beam first encounters the deflector E1 which spans from 335Â ° to 34Â °. In the normal mode i.e., when the power supply is connected to it, and electric field of around 2.5 MV/m is created by applying high voltage of 20kV between the electrodes. The gap between them is 8mm. To eliminate the possibility, the beam was at all going through the deflector or not, the power supply was disconnected and the deflector was operated in Faraday mode i.e., as a beam diagnostic element. The deflector E1 is not a fixed element, but has certain amount of freedom in respect to its radial distance from the centre of cyclotron. The entry position can be varied from 667 to 671 mm and the exit from 672 to 678 mm. The variation in position of deflector coupled with use of the 1st harmonic coils (to slightly alter the beam curvature) was done repeatedly to get the beam signature on the outer electrode. However no significant beam current could be detected. Use of wire mesh at the entry and copper block at the exit of deflector To further investigate a wire mesh was placed at the entry of the deflector (Fig. 1) and a solid copper block at the exit (Fig. 2). This was done to ensure that any trace of beam reaching the deflector entry can be detected. And this beam if successfully passes through the deflector will be detected by the copper block. So, this time the deflector was used in the normal mode i.e., in the power supply mode. Wide range of 1st harmonic magnetic field amplitude and phase with the help of trim coil no.13 was applied. This was done to vary the beam trajectory near the extraction zone so as to get beam signal from the entry mesh. However no significant beam current could be detected. To further explore this point, the deflector voltage and its orientation were changed through a series of iterative methods, but no current could be detected on the exit copper block. - #[emailprotected] Use of polymer sheets for Beam impression To get a further insight, another attempt was made by putting polymer sheets on the inner portion of the septum at three different locations – one near the entry , second at middle and the last near the exit. After a small amount of beam time the sheets were taken out for chemical analysis. This was done to exclude the possibility of any marks that could have arisen due to the high voltage discharge of the electrode. Only a faint beam impression (Fig. 3) was found on the sheet placed near the deflector and no impression was found on the other two placed further away. Beam characteristics using probes The beam appeared to be not reaching the deflector side, but at the same time the beam was very much available towards the main probe and bore probe, so further investigations were continued to know the off-centeredness of the beam. Description of the Probes The K500 SCC has two kinds of probes- one is the main probe and other is the bore scope. The main probe is meant to ready the intensity of current, whereas the bore scope is means to see the beam spot on a ZnS Screen. The main probe moves over the central spiral line of the hill whereas the bore probe moves across another hill after entering from its corner (Fig. 4). To know whether the beam was shifting towards a particular area or not, need of a third probe was felt. For this reason the deflector was dismantled (to gain access to a port) and another probe called the deflector probe was installed (Fig. 4) along 25Â ° azimuth. Scheme of measurement The beam curvature is not circular but a scalloped one. The local radius of curvature will thus change as the beam proceeds. The curvature will be less at the centre of the hill and more at the valley. Moreover, the three probes are not symmetrically placed with rest respect to the orbit trajectory. So, any data that is taken for the purpose of analysis has to take into account the scalloping of the beam vis-a-vis the position of the 3 probes. Figure 4: Median Plane top view with main probe, bore probe and deflector probe. Profile of the Beam Beam profile with all the 3 probes was measured separately. It was observed that although good amount of beam was available up to the extraction radius ~ 670 mm in main probe and bore probe, but in deflector probe the beam current was falling at ~650 mm without application of any external 1st harmonic field (Fig. 5). Figure 5: Beam profile on 3 probes without any external 1st harmonic. This clearly indicated that beam was shifted towards main probe and bore probe region. Attempts were made to equalize the beam current in all the 3 probes by using different combinations of 1st harmonic amplitude (up to 40 gauss) and phase (1-360Â °). One of those several iteration has been illustrated in figure 6. However, the distribution could not be equalized in all the three probes. From the shadowing of radial distribution of beam by using the said three probes, centering behaviour of the beam was quantified [2]. Figure 6: Beam profile on 3 probes with 15 Gauss 1st harmonic (phase 151Â °) MAGNETIC FIELD MAPPING These observations pointed out towards significant amount of imperfection in field and also towards the fact that this imperfection cannot be taken care of by the beam controlling parameters. Also the absolute phase measurement was done [3], which also pointed out towards the field imperfection. The remapping of the magnetic field was thus contemplated. The magnetic field mapping was done by a search coil. The Calibration factor of the search coil was found out by the use of two NMR probes.The search coil was installed on a zig that was free to move in the horizontal plane. At any azimuth the search coil moved from -1.24inch to 26.4 inches. The mapping was done for different excitations of main magnet coils namely alpha and beta coils The magnetic field mapping found that the average field near the central region was less by around 250 Gauss and the 1st harmonic amplitude was quite high ~ 45 Gauss near the extraction region. Figure 7: 1st Harmonic field amplitude versus Radius Figure 8: Average field versus Radius In figure 7 and 8, the results of the magnetic field mapping is compared with that of the field mapping that was done earlier in year 2006. REMARKS The experimental observation that pointed out towards magnetic field imperfection was verified by remapping of the magnetic field. The correction of magnetic field is currently being done. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors would like to thank all persons who have contributed directly or indirectly, especially the control room personnel who have toiled through the day and the night in the endeavour towards a common goal.

Edgar Allan Poe :: essays research papers

Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston, Massachusets, January 19, 1809. His parents were touring actors, and they both died before Poe was three years old. After their death, Poe was taken in by a wealthy merchant named John Allan in Richmond, Virginia. There he was baptised Edgar Allan Poe. From 1815 to 1820, Poe studied in England. Later, in 1826, he went to the University of Virginia, where he stayed for a year. Poe owed a large gambling debt, but Allan refused to pay it and consequently, prevented Poe's return to the university. Allan also broke off Poe's engagement to Sarah Elmira Royster. After leaving the university, Poe enlisted in the army as a means of support. In 1827, Poe had his first book, Tamerlane And Other Poems, published at his own expense. Although he refused to provide financial support, Allan arranged Poe's release from the army, and had him appointed to West Point. Poe was dismissed after only six months for disobeying orders, but his fellow cadets gave Poe the mo ney for his second publication. Poems by Edgar A. Poe --- Second Edition was published in 1831, although in 1829 another edition of Tamerlane and minor poems had been published, actually making it a third edition. In this book were the poems To Helen and Israfel, which later became famous. These two poems show Poe's use of language in a musical way, which makes his poetry stand out from all other. Poe moved in with his aunt and cousin, Maria and Virginia Clemm, in Baltimore. Using fiction as a means of support, five of his stories were published in the Philadelphia Saturday Courier in 1832. In 1833 he won a fifty-dollar prize from the Baltimore Saturday Visitor with his short story M.S. Found In A Bottle. In 1835, Poe, his aunt, and Virginia, moved to Richmond where he married Virginia. She wasn't even fourteen when they married. Poe became editor of the Southern Literary Messenger, and published many criticisms and reviews. He also published his short story, Bernice, which is known as his most horrific work. He earned great respect as a critic and wrote reviews about many of his contemporaries. Although he was extremely critical of most, he praised a few authors, such as Charles Dickens. Poe's work made the publication very popular, but the magazine's owner found his work offensive. Poe also had a drinking problem, which earned him disfavor with his employer. Edgar Allan Poe :: essays research papers Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston, Massachusets, January 19, 1809. His parents were touring actors, and they both died before Poe was three years old. After their death, Poe was taken in by a wealthy merchant named John Allan in Richmond, Virginia. There he was baptised Edgar Allan Poe. From 1815 to 1820, Poe studied in England. Later, in 1826, he went to the University of Virginia, where he stayed for a year. Poe owed a large gambling debt, but Allan refused to pay it and consequently, prevented Poe's return to the university. Allan also broke off Poe's engagement to Sarah Elmira Royster. After leaving the university, Poe enlisted in the army as a means of support. In 1827, Poe had his first book, Tamerlane And Other Poems, published at his own expense. Although he refused to provide financial support, Allan arranged Poe's release from the army, and had him appointed to West Point. Poe was dismissed after only six months for disobeying orders, but his fellow cadets gave Poe the mo ney for his second publication. Poems by Edgar A. Poe --- Second Edition was published in 1831, although in 1829 another edition of Tamerlane and minor poems had been published, actually making it a third edition. In this book were the poems To Helen and Israfel, which later became famous. These two poems show Poe's use of language in a musical way, which makes his poetry stand out from all other. Poe moved in with his aunt and cousin, Maria and Virginia Clemm, in Baltimore. Using fiction as a means of support, five of his stories were published in the Philadelphia Saturday Courier in 1832. In 1833 he won a fifty-dollar prize from the Baltimore Saturday Visitor with his short story M.S. Found In A Bottle. In 1835, Poe, his aunt, and Virginia, moved to Richmond where he married Virginia. She wasn't even fourteen when they married. Poe became editor of the Southern Literary Messenger, and published many criticisms and reviews. He also published his short story, Bernice, which is known as his most horrific work. He earned great respect as a critic and wrote reviews about many of his contemporaries. Although he was extremely critical of most, he praised a few authors, such as Charles Dickens. Poe's work made the publication very popular, but the magazine's owner found his work offensive. Poe also had a drinking problem, which earned him disfavor with his employer.

Web Portal :: essays research papers

The Problem with the Existing Architecture: The company has multiple standalone computing solutions and applications which it acquired through the purchase of provider companies. These systems are not fully integrated and are not compatible. They do not share data in real time making communication, access, and interoperability difficult. The current system does not provide a well designed and unified solution for customers. The different provider companies that XYZCorp has acquired currently have their own customer relationship management (CRM) systems. Currently, it is not possible to have interconnectivity and functionality between providers and external sources, causing customers to be unable to take advantage of and fully benefit from the range of services the company has to offer. Also, web technologies are not being used to their potential and backend applications are not integrated. A customer web portal, which can help to integrate services such as buying, selling, delivery, payment and overall customer support, is non -existent and a deterrent to overall consumer satisfaction and business growth. What is a web portal? In terms of defining exactly what a web portal is, it is important to understand its significance and role in business and technology. A portal can be thought of as a single, main gateway into an assortment of content. More specifically, a web portal is often the main starting point for an online user/web surfer. Web portals often consist of a collection of loosely integrated features with many resources and links to different services. They have become commonplace in today’s technology-driven lifestyle whereby web surfers utilize portals such as www.yahoo.com or www.msn.com. These websites are solid examples of web sites that have expanded to become a point of entry onto the information superhighway. These sites, just like many others that fall into the same category of â€Å"web portal,† provide a user with a number of features, content, and resources, such as links to information, news, and people as well as the ability to search the web. Businesses can benefit from this kind of technology by providing a web portal as the chief starting point for customer exploration and contact. Furthermore, a web portal is vital for a corporation that utilizes e-commerce. E-commerce refers to the retail, service, and business to business industries that make use of the web to facilitate the exchange of products and services between businesses, consumers, and manufacturers. A web portal can act as the starting point for a company that has introduced e-commerce into the way they do business.

Whats on the Menu? Essay -- Health, Obesity, Food Industry

Title Muffin tops, Weight Watchers, Atkins, these are all among the jargon designated for the horizontally challenged today. These words and others are the runoff of a much larger problem, obesity. Americans today have made being inactive and feasting on junk food acceptable, thereby greatly increase the percentage of the population that is extremely overweight. Excessive eating is not the lone source for this disproportionate problem of obesity, there are a myriad of causes and as many solutions (Manson 1). No matter what the cause of obesity, the liberty to alter or wallow in their condition should remain the individual’s rather than the government’s. Obesity reduces the quality of people’s lives, consequently the government is concerned by this threatening issue. However, instead of limiting people’s food choice the government should foster a goal of health in all their citizens (Balko 1). The government currently vouches for responsible decision making, mo re exercising, and maintaining a wholesome diet (Manson 1). This cheerleading role that the government currently plays is most beneficial to its citizens. Given choices people decide what they want, and act upon it, but often a government regulation only cripples their resolve. People’s basic liberties give them the right to preside over their own health. A government has the duty to instill in its citizens a sense of responsibility for maintaining their health, rather than to regulate what they eat, because in most cases people can be more successful in creating a healthy lifestyle through self-discipline than through adherence to laws. Creating and enforcing public policy is a basic function of any government, however; public policy is not an all-encompassing category,... ...nment realizes that they cannot afford to ignore obesity. A couple hundred years ago Americans labored from sunrise to sunset farming, cooking, cleaning, and working. These Americans had no choice but to be fit, they had to work the land for the food they ate. These Americans knew how to appreciate and fully use their bodies. These men and women set a standard for the American work ethic. As society progressed, innovations allowed for more leisure time, and less hard physical labor. America looked to her past for a role of how to live, how to work, and somehow the proud work ethic survived a little over a century. Now America has the opportunity to re-inspire herself through the legacy of her past, or stomp on the hard work of her forebearers. Each American can choose to reclaim and maintain their proud physique, through their daily individual healthy choices.

Too Much Technology

What are the some of the arguments for and against the use of digital media? Technology has both positive and negative sides. Positive opinion about technology as we are able to find many sources of information quickly and easily as well as saving production cost. Technology that is negative opinion can influence our behavior, destroy our way of thinking, and the more severe impact of computer technology is also able to give rise to a number of diseases. 2.How might the brain affected by constant digital media usage? Digital media would greatly help us in the world as well as other technologies. However, if used continuously can cause health problems. Vision problems continued to decline also occur when using the computer for too long. Besides, the new studies suggest that digital technologies are damaging our ability to think clearly and focus. 3. Do you think these arguments outweigh the positives of digital media usage? Why or why not? As for me, I think the above is indeed the ne gative side of technology.However, in the orld of technology such as current location, we will have to use the technology so that we can continue to survive and not lose against our competitors. 4. What additional concerns are there for children using digital media? Should children under 8 use computers and cellphones? Why or why not? I think children under eight years old can use digital media, such as a computer or cellular phone. So they are able to advance digital media, and we hope that when they grow up, they are not stiff again using digital media. Of course parents should control their children by using it overtime. Too Much Technology By lulsfrfr

Reaction The Film And Your Name Is Jonah Essay

I watched the film; And Your Name is Jonah. My initial reaction to this movie in the beginning was frustration. This boy was clearly not meant to be in a mental hospital for the mentally challenged. He had the full capabilities of a normal child and it was not so hard to see. I don’t understand how a child of his capabilities could be misdiagnosed as having mental problems when clearly the only specific he had was not hearing. It makes me so frustrated because a child who obviously had so much to say was trapped in his body without any way of expressing himself. As the movie continues, his parents find out that he is deaf. His misdiagnosis had him in a mental institution which makes me question if this foreshadows or depicts how deaf people were treated before they are diagnosed. As if they were treated as if they were â€Å"impaired†. It feels like a violation and offensive to anyone that is deaf. I also felt controversial about the views of deaf people from ignorant hearing people and how ASL was frowned upon. ASL is a form of communication. How else would deaf people communicate when the English language is taught to us from birth? Individuals who were born deaf cannot learn the English language like a hearing person. If sign language is so frowned upon how else would a born deaf person understand what is going on in the world. Jonah’s parents farther along in the movie decided to get him hearing aids, but that only made the noise louder and it wasn’t clear to what was being said still. The doctors even recommended li p reading because sign language was frowned upon. Even speech therapy failed. With all these signs of defeat, I felt very frustrated with Jonah’s parents. Sign Language is the obvious answer. If your child cannot communicate with you and clearly sign language is the best option then learn and teach your child. It was the obvious choice that would help better communicate a parent with their child. If ASL was taught sooner to Jonah there wouldn’t have been situations in the movie where communication was essential. For example, when Jonah was being yelled at from a car to get out of the road. He could hear led to him falling off his bike. Another example is when Jonah couldn’t understand that Spiderman was a â€Å"good guy†. He ended up putting his brother’s Spiderman in the oven to get  rid of him. Miscommunication between Jonah and his brother resulted in this. Another example is when Jonah’s grandfather gets a heart attack and died. Jonah didn’t understand and searched for him after the funeral because no one could explain to him what was going on. Finally, when Jonah got lost and was taken to a hospital by a police officer–the doctors and nurses thought he was dangerous and crazy. Another example of miscommunication.

A Visit to an Amusement Park Essay

On the day of my thirteenth birthday, I was really excited since I was going to an amusement park for the first time in my life. So me and some of my friends I had invited, got into the car with my mom and dad, ready to have the time of our lives at the amusement park. On reaching the park, we bought tickets for everyone and entered the park. The only fitting description for it was â€Å"amazing†. I was really spellbound. Everywhere people were moving excitedly from one ride to another, funny music drifted to our ears along with the screams of laughter from every direction, people dressed up like clowns were entertaining the kids, and the most exciting was the rollercoaster, it looped in and out of nowhere and ran up and down and spun around in a crazy manner. My parents handed me some money and told us to enjoy the rides. We first queued up for the roller coaster, which was the greatest attraction of all. Soon we were seated on the ride and held on to the bars holding us firm ly to our seats. The next ten minutes was a blur of screams, the wind whizzing through our hair, laughter and tightly closed eyes. We descended with shaky knees and dizzy heads, but with faces full of broad grins and adrenaline pulsing through our body. We headed straight for the bumper cars and soon started bumping into each other with as much force as we could, enjoying ourselves thoroughly. Then we went for those shooting games in which you get a prize if you hit the target. Ready to show our shooting skills, we were soon loaded with video game prizes and some soft toys which didn’t make us happy since the age for playing with soft toys was long gone for us. Still, we took them since we had won them. Then came the most scary part, The Freaky House. Rumors had it that once you entered it, you never came out the same. So, being thirteen year old teenagers, and claiming not to be afraid of anything we entered the house with heads held high, but came out of it with goosepimples on our hands and our hearts thumping loudly against our chests. To top all this we were shaking from head to foot, with all those scary images in our heads which would haunt us throughout our lives. During all this we hadn’t noticed time fly and it was getting dark, so we entered an indoor restaurant where we were joined by our parents and we ordered a birthday boy special meal for me and burgers, pizzas and sodas for everyone else. We ate and drank and told my parents what we had done that day. Finally we all returned home and said our  goodbyes I lay on my bed, with the images of all the fun I had that day replaying in my mind constantly.